The test doesn't work currently because the log might be finalized before wait_for_debug_log is started, in which case it will assume the log is empty and fail to detect any line.
Fix this by calling wait_for_debug_log first. Fixes #24060.
Also, remove the "random line number" part of the test, because it doesn't really test anything novel. wait_for_debug_log is inherently racy, so will randomly terminate at the exact point or later. So the randomization is already sufficiently covered.