A port of /test/lint/lint-logs.sh to a Python-script as part of the request of #24783 . Checked for output-consistency.
Removed all non-explicit exceptions (i.e. ..., LogPrint(), and LogPrintf()) because they weren’t needed anymore, except for one single case in a comment in /src/random.cpp which I removed because it was quite useless anyway (the comment, not the file).