lint: Convert lint-includes.sh to Python #24895

A port of test/lint/lint-includes.sh to a Python-script as part of the request of #24783. Checked for output-consistency.

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Conflicts

Reviewers, this pull request conflicts with the following ones:

• #22417 (util/system: Close non-std fds when execing slave processes by luke-jr)

If you consider this pull request important, please also help to review the conflicting pull requests. Ideally, start with the one that should be merged first.

Tested ACK 67b41678c8284715c9cf96d6bdbde9a072b7a904

It matches the old output. Example:

Duplicate include(s) in src/bench/addrman.cpp:
#include <vector>

Duplicate include(s) in src/bench/base58.cpp:
#include <array>

The following files #include .cpp files:
src/bench/base58.cpp:#include <bench/bench.cpp>
src/bench/bench_bitcoin.cpp:#include <bench/bench.cpp>
src/bench/bench_bitcoin.cpp:#include <clientversion.cpp>

A new Boost dependency in the form of "boost/algorithm/cats.hpp" appears to have been introduced:
src/bench/block_assemble.cpp:#include <boost/algorithm/cats.hpp>

A new Boost dependency in the form of "boost/algorithm/dogs.hpp" appears to have been introduced:
src/bench/bech32.cpp:#include <boost/algorithm/dogs.hpp>

Please use bracket syntax includes ("#include <foo.h>") instead of quote syntax includes:
src/bench/bech32.cpp:#include "vector"
src/bench/block_assemble.cpp:#include "crypto/sha256.h"