See log below.. bottom line up front: The test fails because test_bitcoin-qt.exe fails to launch. I attempted just running the executable manually in my C:\ drive's bitcoin\bin folder and that also does not launch. bitcoin-qt.exe launches though and runs nicely.
From test-suite.log:
============================================== Bitcoin Core 23.99.0: src/test-suite.log
TOTAL: 4
PASS: 3
SKIP: 0
XFAIL: 0
FAIL: 1
XPASS: 0
ERROR: 0
.. contents:: :depth: 2
FAIL: qt/test/test_bitcoin-qt
A crash occurred in \wsl$\Ubuntu\home\jglann\bitcoin\src\qt\test\test_bitcoin-qt.exe. Function time: 836ms Total time: 836ms
Exception address: 0x0000000000bc5988 Exception code : 0xc0000005
Stack:
1: Unable to obtain symbol
2: UnhandledExceptionFilter() - 0x00007ffe7fdbfe70
3: memset() - 0x00007ffe82634000
4: _C_specific_handler() - 0x00007ffe8261c6d0
5: _chkstk() - 0x00007ffe82632180
6: RtlRaiseException() - 0x00007ffe825e1020
7: KiUserExceptionDispatcher() - 0x00007ffe82630da0
8: Unable to obtain symbol
9: Unable to obtain symbol
10: Unable to obtain symbol
11: Unable to obtain symbol
12: Unable to obtain symbol
13: Unable to obtain symbol
14: Unable to obtain symbol
15: Unable to obtain symbol
16: Unable to obtain symbol
17: Unable to obtain symbol
18: Unable to obtain symbol
19: Unable to obtain symbol
20: Unable to obtain symbol
21: Unable to obtain symbol
22: Unable to obtain symbol
23: Unable to obtain symbol
24: Unable to obtain symbol
25: Unable to obtain symbol
26: Unable to obtain symbol
27: Unable to obtain symbol
28: Unable to obtain symbol
29: Unable to obtain symbol
30: Unable to obtain symbol
31: Unable to obtain symbol
32: Unable to obtain symbol
33: Unable to obtain symbol
34: BaseThreadInitThunk() - 0x00007ffe82357020
35: RtlUserThreadStart() - 0x00007ffe825e2630
FAIL qt/test/test_bitcoin-qt.exe (exit status: 5)