ci: Add missing libclang-rt-dev package #27323

This is required, due to --no-install-recommends in ci/test/01_base_install.sh, I presume.

If not added, this will cause issues if the CI image is bumped, for example, to Ubuntu Lunar.

Asan Lunar:

configure:22272: clang++ -std=c++20 -o conftest -g -O2 -DARENA_DEBUG -DDEBUG_LOCKORDER   -fsanitize=address,integer,undefined conftest.cpp  >&5
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find /usr/lib/llvm-15/lib/clang/15.0.7/lib/linux/libclang_rt.asan_static-x86_64.a: No such file or directory
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find /usr/lib/llvm-15/lib/clang/15.0.7/lib/linux/libclang_rt.asan-x86_64.a: No such file or directory
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find /usr/lib/llvm-15/lib/clang/15.0.7/lib/linux/libclang_rt.asan_cxx-x86_64.a: No such file or directory

Fuzz Lunar:

configure:22272: clang++ -ftrivial-auto-var-init=pattern -std=c++17 -o conftest -g -O2    -fsanitize=fuzzer,address,undefined,integer conftest.cpp  >&5
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find /usr/lib/llvm-15/lib/clang/15.0.7/lib/linux/libclang_rt.fuzzer-x86_64.a: No such file or directory
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find /usr/lib/llvm-15/lib/clang/15.0.7/lib/linux/libclang_rt.asan_static-x86_64.a: No such file or directory
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find /usr/lib/llvm-15/lib/clang/15.0.7/lib/linux/libclang_rt.asan-x86_64.a: No such file or directory
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find /usr/lib/llvm-15/lib/clang/15.0.7/lib/linux/libclang_rt.asan_cxx-x86_64.a: No such file or directory

Tsan Lunar:

See #27298 (comment)

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Ah sorry. This requires bumping the image at the same time. Closing.