Adds section 1.7 "Recovering from a Corrupted Wallet" to doc/managing-wallets.md. Documents that restoring from a known-good backup is the only supported recovery path for corrupted wallet databases, and that there is no safe in-place repair mechanism.
Motivated by achow101's conclusion in #35605:
we should make the only supported corruption recovery mechanism be to restore a backup and not do any of this stuff with maybe being able to recover.
Note: the error message at walletdb.cpp:1050 currently says "This can be fixed by removing transactions from wallet and rescanning." — that message is inconsistent with this guidance and should be updated as a follow-up (or in #35605 or #35760, both of which are touching the related code paths).