Reported by Alex Morcos:
txid 5430b159cf662ce21e06a41ec1280ebcce8ed6a52f14b21dad394b0fba3227e7 has a fee rate which is so high it triggers this check. So when bitcoind is restarted after this transaction has been recorded: in the original code the history is cut off after 10 blocks (it took 11 to get confirmed) or in my new code, which just got merged, the fee_estimates.dat file is ignored and we start with a clean history.