Debian Jessie
I have been linking boost_filesystem with my own project without problem.
config.log:
It was created by Bitcoin Core configure 0.13.99, which was
generated by GNU Autoconf 2.69. Invocation command line was
$ ./configure --with-incompatible-bdb
hostname = txxs.biz
uname -m = x86_64
uname -r = 4.6.0
uname -s = Linux
uname -v = [#7](/bitcoin-bitcoin/7/) SMP Thu May 26 17:08:55 CST 2016
...
#define HAVE_VISIBILITY_ATTRIBUTE 1
#define HAVE_BOOST /**/
#define HAVE_BOOST_SYSTEM /**/
#define HAVE_BOOST_FILESYSTEM /**/
#define HAVE_BOOST_PROGRAM_OPTIONS /**/
configure: exit 1
output:
checking for boostlib >= 1.20.0... yes
checking whether the Boost::System library is available... yes
checking for exit in -lboost_system... yes
checking whether the Boost::Filesystem library is available... yes
checking for exit in -lboost_filesystem... yes
checking whether the Boost::Program_Options library is available... yes
configure: error: Could not link against boost_filesystem !