From: "'Antoine Poinsot' via Bitcoin Development Mailing List" <bitcoindev@googlegroups.com>
To: Josh Doman <joshsdoman@gmail.com>
Cc: Bitcoin Development Mailing List <bitcoindev@googlegroups.com>
Subject: Re: [bitcoindev] Does GCC preclude a soft fork to handle timestamp overflow?
Date: Wed, 17 Dec 2025 14:55:40 +0000 [thread overview]
Message-ID: <a7m01C4Xm3-WF9Slrg1b2G8OaZiCXKQncrHW4kD5iVrNq8E-yde2W4pF1ZIU6PeiU-jUeyDCsFntfrTw28wW38iIkBeo6OENzlWUsL-hetc=@protonmail.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <e7a70843-a304-4d04-9365-08b8b4259caen@googlegroups.com>
Hi Josh,
Interesting observation!
I am of the opinion that the header timestamp overflow is one of those things
that are better addressed through a backward-incompatible consensus change. As
pointed out earlier in response to your post, the MTP rule would prevent a chain
split by making sure the legacy chain halts.
Furthermore, even if it was a goal to fix the timestamp overflow through a soft
fork, the issue will arise so far in the future that it does not justify making
inferior protocol decisions to fix bugs that exist today (and that could become
more problematic within the next decade).
You came up with a clever hack to address the DoS concern, which somewhat
reminds me of forward blocks. It makes it possible to still validate cumulative
work from a chain of headers, but it relies on actively exploiting Timewarp
there. This is unfortunate in itself but also means breaking timestamp-based
timelocks which, as people pointed out here and on your Delving thread, entails
freezing coins that rely on them.
Therefore my preference is to fix properly Timewarp with BIP 54, and properly
deal with the timestamp overflow when (if?) necessary.
Best,
Antoine Poinsot
On Monday, December 15th, 2025 at 2:30 PM, Josh Doman <joshsdoman@gmail.com> wrote:
> > your idea is to have the header nTime used for difficulty adjustment enforced in the coinbase tx.
> Correct. As written, BIP54 makes that soft fork impossible, leaving a hard fork as the only option to resolve nTime overflow.
>
> > I was about to write this email myself, but then I realized that since BIP 113, timelocks are based on MTP time, and any soft-fork mechanism that messes with MTP time will destroy existing transaction's timelock semantics.
>
> Yes, it's unfortunate. There is certainly a tradeoff. On the one hand, there is a risk of coin confiscation, if the soft fork isn't signaled early enough (a few decades in advance is probably sufficient). On the other hand, there are material benefits to avoiding a hard fork (i.e. you get a smooth and secure upgrade path, developers can write immutable programs that verify the chain, etc).
>
> I think it's presumptive to assume which option a future generation would prefer, in the year 2070, 2080, 2090, 2100, etc, given the tradeoffs involved. I'm not suggesting we decide today, but I am suggesting that BIP54 may be unnecessarily restrictive.
>
> The following modification to BIP54 would resolve the timewarp attack while leaving open the possibility of an nTime soft fork:
> 1) Add a u64 timestamp to the coinbase and enforce BIP54 there (in addition to other timestamp rules)
> 2) Given a block of height N, where N % 2016 = 2015, the difference between the nTime and the nTime at height (N - 2015) must be the same as in the coinbase.
>
> On Monday, December 15, 2025 at 11:36:31 AM UTC-5 Russell O'Connor wrote:
>
> > I was about to write this email myself, but then I realized that since BIP 113, timelocks are based on MTP time, and any soft-fork mechanism that messes with MTP time will destroy existing transaction's timelock semantics. Now I think the best is to have a hardfork.
> >
> >
> > On Sun, Dec 14, 2025 at 3:33 PM Josh Doman <joshs...@gmail.com> wrote:
> >
> > > TLDR: The "timewarp attack" could enable a future soft fork that fixes the timestamp overflow bug.
> > >
> > > I saw there is a discussion about a hard fork to handle the timestamp overflow bug, by migrating from u32 to u64 timestamps.[1] I considered making this post in that thread, but as it has more to do with the Great Consensus Cleanup [2], I thought it better to make this its own post.
> > > My question is: does BIP54 inadvertently preclude the possibility of a soft fork to handle timestamp overflow?
> > >
> > > Conceptually, I think you could implement a soft fork that resolves the timestamp overflow bug, by using the "timewarp attack" [3] to intentionally minimize the timestamp and reduce the legacy difficulty, while simultaneously using a u64 timestamp in the coinbase transaction to enforce the real difficulty target.
> > >
> > > In short, the "timewarp attack" makes it possible to increment the u32 timestamp by 1 second each block, ensuring the chain will practically never halt (provided the soft fork is adopted sufficiently in advance).
> > >
> > > Formally, given a block of height N and a timestamp T at activation height H:
> > > - if N % 2016 < 2015: miners set the legacy timestamp to T + (N - H).
> > > - if N % 2016 = 2015, miners set the legacy timestamp to min(2^32 - 1, timestamp in the coinbase transaction).
> > > - nodes require that the block hash meets the difficulty target determined in the coinbase (in addition to the artificially low legacy difficulty target).
> > >
> > > This solution, of course, doesn't work if the Great Consensus Cleanup is adopted and the "timewarp attack" gets fixed. Also, it will make header and SPV validation more complex, as nodes will need the coinbase transaction and a merkle proof in order to validate the header chain. Perhaps worst of all, it could confiscate coins that are locked to a timestamp, rather than a block height.
> > >
> > > The upside is that this is a soft fork, rather than a hard fork, which has its own advantages. Meanwhile, confiscation concerns could potentially be mitigated by signaling activation several decades in advance.
> > >
> > > Is the possibility of a soft fork worth forgoing the timewarp fix? I'm not sure. A compromise could be to expire the timewarp fix after a certain block height, but that introduces a new set of tradeoffs.
> > >
> > > Josh
> > >
> > > [1] https://groups.google.com/g/bitcoindev/c/PHZEIRb04RY
> > > [2] https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0054.md
> > > [3] https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/75831/what-is-time-warp-attack-and-how-does-it-work-in-general/75834#75834
> >
> > > --
> >
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prev parent reply other threads:[~2025-12-19 1:49 UTC|newest]
Thread overview: 8+ messages / expand[flat|nested] mbox.gz Atom feed top
2025-12-14 19:45 Josh Doman
2025-12-14 20:43 ` Greg Maxwell
2025-12-14 21:53 ` Josh Doman
2025-12-15 1:44 ` Antoine Riard
2025-12-15 16:31 ` 'Russell O'Connor' via Bitcoin Development Mailing List
2025-12-15 17:27 ` Josh Doman
2025-12-16 6:04 ` Henry Romp
2025-12-17 14:55 ` 'Antoine Poinsot' via Bitcoin Development Mailing List [this message]
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