Avoid signed integer overflow when loading a mempool.dat file with a malformed time field.
Avoid the following signed integer overflow:
$ xxd -p -r > mempool.dat-crash-1 <<EOF
0100000000000000000000000004000000000000000000000000ffffffff
ffffff7f00000000000000000000000000
EOF
$ cp mempool.dat-crash-1 ~/.bitcoin/regtest/mempool.dat
$ UBSAN_OPTIONS="print_stacktrace=1:halt_on_error=1:report_error_type=1" src/bitcoind -regtest
validation.cpp:5079:23: runtime error: signed integer overflow: 9223372036854775807 + 1209600 cannot be represented in type 'long'
[#0](/bitcoin-bitcoin/0/) 0x5618d335197f in LoadMempool(CTxMemPool&) src/validation.cpp:5079:23
[#1](/bitcoin-bitcoin/1/) 0x5618d3350df3 in CChainState::LoadMempool(ArgsManager const&) src/validation.cpp:4217:9
[#2](/bitcoin-bitcoin/2/) 0x5618d2b9345f in ThreadImport(ChainstateManager&, std::vector<boost::filesystem::path, std::allocator<boost::filesystem::path> >, ArgsManager const&) src/init.cpp:762:33
[#3](/bitcoin-bitcoin/3/) 0x5618d2b92162 in AppInitMain(util::Ref const&, NodeContext&, interfaces::BlockAndHeaderTipInfo*)::$_14::operator()() const src/init.cpp:1881:9
This PR was broken out from PR #20089. Hopefully this PR is trivial to review.
Fixes a subset of #19278.