ryanofsky
commented at 11:11 pm on March 21, 2024:
contributor
Return util::Result objects from all functions that can trigger fatal errors.
There are many validation functions that handle failures by calling AbortNode and triggering shutdowns, without returning error information to their callers. This makes error handling in libbitcoinkernel application code difficult, because the only way to handle these errors is to register for notification callbacks. Improve this by making all functions that trigger fatal errors return util::Result objects with the error information.
This PR is a pure refactoring that returns extra result information from functions without changing their behavior. It’s a possible alternative to and subset of #29642, which adds similar return information but also makes behavior changes and exposes a FatalError type.
This is based on #25665. The non-base commits are:
If you consider this pull request important, please also help to review the conflicting pull requests. Ideally, start with the one that should be merged first.
LLM Linter (✨ experimental)
Possible typos and grammar issues:
to for dealing -> for dealing [duplicate word “to for” is a typo that makes the sentence ungrammatical]
Possible places where named args for integral literals may be used (e.g. func(x, /*named_arg=*/0) in C++, and func(x, named_arg=0) in Python):
AcceptBlock(pblock, accept_result, state, nullptr, true, dbp, nullptr, true) in src/node/chainstate.cpp
AcceptBlock(pblockrecursive, accept_result, dummy, nullptr, true, &it->second, nullptr, true) in src/node/chainstate.cpp
2026-01-17
ryanofsky marked this as a draft
on Mar 21, 2024
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commented at 0:41 am on March 22, 2024:
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🚧 At least one of the CI tasks failed. Make sure to run all tests locally, according to the
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0 test 2024-06-18T23:26:56.881000Z TestFramework (ERROR): Assertion failed
1 Traceback (most recent call last):
2 File "/ci_container_base/ci/scratch/build/bitcoin-x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/test/functional/test_framework/test_framework.py", line 132, in main
3 self.run_test()
4 File "/ci_container_base/ci/scratch/build/bitcoin-x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/test/functional/feature_pruning.py", line 447, in run_test
5 self.reorg_back()
6 File "/ci_container_base/ci/scratch/build/bitcoin-x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/test/functional/feature_pruning.py", line 231, in reorg_back
7 assert not self.nodes[2].verifychain(checklevel=4, nblocks=0)
8 AssertionError
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ryanofsky
commented at 5:45 pm on July 10, 2024:
contributor
Make sure to run all tests locally, according to the documentation.
The failure may happen due to a number of reasons, for example:
Possibly due to a silent merge conflict (the changes in this pull request being
incompatible with the current code in the target branch). If so, make sure to rebase on the latest
commit of the target branch.
A sanitizer issue, which can only be found by compiling with the sanitizer and running the
affected test.
An intermittent issue.
Leave a comment here, if you need help tracking down a confusing failure.
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in
src/node/blockstorage.cpp:533
in
e22926a383outdated
507 {
508- if (!LoadBlockIndex(snapshot_blockhash)) {
509- return false;
510+ auto result{LoadBlockIndexData(snapshot_blockhash)};
511+ if (!result || IsInterrupted(*result)) {
512+ return result;
Seems fragile to use util::Result<InterruptResult>. Wrapping one result into another is fragile, because call-sites may easily forget to unwrap the inner result, especially if the inner result is otherwise void. My recommendation would be to treat interruption as util::Error, so that callers don’t miss it if they check for errors (but forget to check for interruption), but are free to check it, if they inspect the precise error.
Seems fragile to use util::Result<InterruptResult>. Wrapping one result into another is fragile, because call-sites may easily forget to unwrap the inner result, especially if the inner result is otherwise void. My recommendation would be to treat interruption as util::Error, so that callers don’t miss it if they check for errors (but forget to check for interruption), but are free to check it, if they inspect the precise error.
It sounds like you want Result<InterruptResult, void> to be replaced with Result<void, InterruptResult> which would be ok with me. I don’t think the difference between these things is very significant, but I agree maybe if the caller forgets to check for the interrupted status, incorrectly treating the interrupted status like a failure might be safer than incorrectly treating the interrupted status like a success.
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ryanofsky
commented at 6:39 pm on August 7, 2024:
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Try to run the tests locally, according to the documentation. However, a CI failure may still
happen due to a number of reasons, for example:
Possibly due to a silent merge conflict (the changes in this pull request being
incompatible with the current code in the target branch). If so, make sure to rebase on the latest
commit of the target branch.
A sanitizer issue, which can only be found by compiling with the sanitizer and running the
affected test.
An intermittent issue.
Leave a comment here, if you need help tracking down a confusing failure.
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🚧 At least one of the CI tasks failed.
Task lint: https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/runs/47214217413
LLM reason (✨ experimental): The CI failure was caused by a trailing whitespace check failure during linting.
Try to run the tests locally, according to the documentation. However, a CI failure may still
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Possibly due to a silent merge conflict (the changes in this pull request being
incompatible with the current code in the target branch). If so, make sure to rebase on the latest
commit of the target branch.
A sanitizer issue, which can only be found by compiling with the sanitizer and running the
affected test.
An intermittent issue.
Leave a comment here, if you need help tracking down a confusing failure.
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DrahtBot
commented at 4:54 pm on December 12, 2025:
contributor
Try to run the tests locally, according to the documentation. However, a CI failure may still
happen due to a number of reasons, for example:
Possibly due to a silent merge conflict (the changes in this pull request being
incompatible with the current code in the target branch). If so, make sure to rebase on the latest
commit of the target branch.
A sanitizer issue, which can only be found by compiling with the sanitizer and running the
affected test.
An intermittent issue.
Leave a comment here, if you need help tracking down a confusing failure.
ryanofsky force-pushed
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refactor: Add util::Result failure values
Add util::Result support for returning more error information. For better error
handling, adds the ability to return a value on failure, not just a value on
success. This is a key missing feature that made the result class not useful
for functions like LoadChainstate() which produce different errors that need to
be handled differently.
This change also makes some more minor improvements:
- Smaller type size. On 64-bit platforms, util::Result<int> is 16 bytes, and
util::Result<void> is 8 bytes. Previously util::Result<int> and
util::Result<void> were 72 bytes.
- More documentation and tests.
Previous commit causes the warning to be triggered, but the suboptimal return
from const statement was added earlier in 517e204bacd9d.
Warning was causing CI failure https://cirrus-ci.com/task/6159914970644480
173c0eb043
refactor: Add util::Result::Update() method
Add util::Result Update method to make it possible to change the value of an
existing Result object. This will be useful for functions that can return
multiple error and warning messages, and want to be able to change the result
value while keeping existing messages.
db27f8bc0f
refactor: Use util::Result class in LoadChainstate and VerifyLoadedChainstate0263614685
refactor: Add util::Result multiple error and warning messages
Add util::Result support for returning warning messages and multiple errors,
not just a single error string. This provides a way for functions to report
errors and warnings in a standard way, and simplifies interfaces.
The functionality is unit tested here, and put to use in followup PR
https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/25722
873582ff04
test: add static test for util::Result memory usage
Suggested by Martin Leitner-Ankerl <martin.ankerl@gmail.com>
https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/25722#discussion_r1174298529
Co-authored-by: Martin Leitner-Ankerl <martin.ankerl@gmail.com>
Avoid false positive maybe-uninitialized errors in
00_setup_env_native_fuzz_with_valgrind CI jobs. Similar errors also happen in
00_setup_env_arm and 00_setup_env_win64 jobs.
Problem was pointed out and fix was suggested by maflcko in
https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/25665#issuecomment-3457573218
CI errors look like:
https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/actions/runs/18881332233/job/53885646274?pr=25665
/home/admin/actions-runner/_work/_temp/src/wallet/test/util.cpp: In function ‘wallet::DescriptorScriptPubKeyMan* wallet::CreateDescriptor(CWallet&, const std::string&, bool)’:
/home/admin/actions-runner/_work/_temp/src/wallet/test/util.cpp:213:29: error: ‘*(const std::reference_wrapper<wallet::DescriptorScriptPubKeyMan>*)((char*)&spkm + offsetof(util::Result<std::reference_wrapper<wallet::DescriptorScriptPubKeyMan>, void, util::Messages>,util::Result<std::reference_wrapper<wallet::DescriptorScriptPubKeyMan>, void, util::Messages>::<unnamed>.util::detail::SuccessHolder<std::reference_wrapper<wallet::DescriptorScriptPubKeyMan>, void, util::Messages>::<unnamed>)).std::reference_wrapper<wallet::DescriptorScriptPubKeyMan>::_M_data’ may be used uninitialized [-Werror=maybe-uninitialized]
213 | return &spkm.value().get();
| ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~
/home/admin/actions-runner/_work/_temp/src/wallet/test/util.cpp:212:10: note: ‘*(const std::reference_wrapper<wallet::DescriptorScriptPubKeyMan>*)((char*)&spkm + offsetof(util::Result<std::reference_wrapper<wallet::DescriptorScriptPubKeyMan>, void, util::Messages>,util::Result<std::reference_wrapper<wallet::DescriptorScriptPubKeyMan>, void, util::Messages>::<unnamed>.util::detail::SuccessHolder<std::reference_wrapper<wallet::DescriptorScriptPubKeyMan>, void, util::Messages>::<unnamed>)).std::reference_wrapper<wallet::DescriptorScriptPubKeyMan>::_M_data’ was declared here
212 | auto spkm = Assert(keystore.AddWalletDescriptor(w_desc, keys,/*label=*/"", /*internal=*/false));
| ^~~~
a3c37e68a7
Merge branch 'pr/bresult2' into pr/fatalresultc4741b4674
Add new InfoType field to util::Result which unlike SuccessType and FailureType
is useful for returning extra information in a result regardless of whether the
function succeeded for failed.
This will be used to return FlushStatus values from libbitcoinkernel functions
indicating if flushed data in addition to whether they succeeded or failed.
The InfoType field is stored directly in the util::Result object, unlike
FailureType and MessagesType which are stored in dynamically allocated memory
and require an extra memory allocation if they are accessed.
be34dd34d3
refactor, blockstorage: Return FlushResult from flush methods
Return FlushResult instead of bool from BlockStorage FlushUndoFile,
FlushBlockFile, FlushChainstateBlockFile methods and update all callers of
these methods to use the FlushResult type internally and provide context
information for the flush failure. Three callers:
BlockManager::FindNextBlockPos, BlockManager::WriteUndoDataForBlock, and
Chainstate::FlushStateToDisk will be updated in upcoming commits to bubble
results up to their callers.
b9f6a3666d
refactor, blockstorage: Return fatal errors from block writes
Return fatal errors from BlockManager methods that write block data. Also
update callers to use the new result types. The callers will be changed to
bubble up the results to their callers in subsequent commits.
ca795bf4b1
refactor, validation: Switch to result.Update
Use result.Update in CompleteChainstateInit() and
ChainstateManager::ActivateSnapshot() so it is possible for them to return
warning messages (about flush failures) in upcoming commits.
CompleteChainstateInit() was previously changed to use util::Result in #25665
and ChainstateManager::ActivateSnapshot() was changed to use it in #30267, but
previously these functions only returned Result values themselves, and did not
call other functions that return Result values. Now, some functions they are
calling will also return Result values, so refactor these functions to use
result.Update so they can merge results and return complete error and warning
messages.
85078c8dbf
refactor, blockstorage: Return fatal error from LoadBlockIndex
Return fatal error and interrupt status from LoadBlockIndex functions and
update callers to use new result types.
431621bde2
refactor, validation: Return fatal errors from FlushStateToDisk
Return fatal errors from the Chainstate::FlushStateToDisk method and several
small, related methods which wrap it: ForceFlushStateToDisk, PruneAndFlush,
ResizeCoinsCaches, and MaybeRebalanceCaches.
Also add nodiscard annotations so callers do not accidentally ignore the result
values. Callers in init and rpc files are updated to explicitly ignore the
flush results, and other callers (AcceptToMemoryPool, ProcessNewPackage,
DisconnectTip, ConnectTip, ActivateBestChainStep, ActivateSnapshot,
MaybeCompleteSnapshotValidation) are updated to store the results in this
commit, and will be updated in upcoming commits to bubble results up to their
callers.
8f2d713916
refactor, validation: Return fatal errors from mempool accept functions
Return fatal errors from AcceptToMemoryPool ProcessNewPackage,
ProcessTransaction, MaybeUpdateMempoolForReorg, and LoadMempool functions.
Also add nodiscard annotations so callers handle the result values. Two callers
ActivateBestChainStep and InvalidateBlock will be updated in upcoming commits
to bubble results up to their callers.
b5686de0da
refactor, validation: Return fatal errors from assumeutxo snapshot functions
Return fatal errors from ActivateSnapshot, MaybeCompleteSnapshotValidation, and
ValidatedSnapshotCleanup functions. Also add nodiscard annotations so callers
handle the result values. One caller, ConnectTip, will be updated in an
upcoming commit to bubble results up to its callers.
9eeab94895
refactor, validation: Return fatal errors from block connect functions
Return fatal errors from ConnectBlock, ConnectTip, DisconnectTip, and
InvalidateBlock. Also add nodiscard annotations so callers handle the result
values. Three callers: ActivateBestChainStep TestBlockValidity, and
CVerifyDB::VerifyDB will be updated in upcoming commits to bubble results up
to their callers.
08200e6096
refactor, validation: Return fatal errors from activate best chain functions
Return fatal errors from ActivateBestChain, ActivateBestChainStep, and
PreciousBlock functions. Also add nodiscard annotations so callers handle the
result values. Two callers, ProcessNewBlock and LoadExternalBlockFile, will be
updated in an upcoming commits to bubble results up to its callers.
1910899d0b
refactor, validation: Return fatal errors from new block functions
Return fatal errors from AcceptBlock, ProcessNewBlock, TestBlockValidity,
LoadGenesisBlock, and LoadExternalBlockFile. Also add nodiscard annotations so
callers handle the result values.
7cefb82493
refactor, blockstorage: Return fatal error from ImportBlocks
Return fatal error ImportBlocks function and add nodiscard annotation.
7cd8dac6b8
refactor, validation: Return more errors from VerifyDB
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