This seems to happen at least on 0.14:
0FAIL: test/test_bitcoin
1=======================
2test_bitcoin: /home/travis/build/bitcoin/bitcoin/depends/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/share/../include/boost/thread/pthread/recursive_mutex.hpp:113: void boost::recursive_mutex::lock(): Assertion `!pthread_mutex_lock(&m)' failed.
3Running 228 test cases...
4unknown location(0): fatal error: in "rpc_tests/rpc_rawparams": signal: SIGABRT (application abort requested)
5test/rpc_tests.cpp(29): last checkpoint
6test_bitcoin: key.cpp:300: void ECC_Start(): Assertion `secp256k1_context_sign == __null' failed.
7unknown location(0): fatal error: in "rpc_tests/rpc_format_monetary_values": signal: SIGABRT (application abort requested)
8...
9*** 37 failures are detected in the test module "Bitcoin Test Suite"
10test_bitcoin: /home/travis/build/bitcoin/bitcoin/depends/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/share/../include/boost/thread/pthread/condition_variable_fwd.hpp:102: boost::condition_variable::~condition_variable(): Assertion `!ret' failed.
Somehow it fails to lock a mutex even before the tests start, and all tests after that fail. I cannot reproduce it locally.