There is a miscompile issue with LLVM 4.0 safe-stack and the secp256k1_rfc6979_hmac_sha256_generate function. This results in invalid deterministic signatures, (luckily) causing both the secp256k1 and bitcoin tests to fail.
I'm fairly sure that this is a clang bug, although it's curious that it only seems to affect that function (and not any other tested use of SHA256, for example). In any case FYI this is being investigated here: https://github.com/NuxiNL/cloudabi-ports/issues/30