This is a cleaner and simpler alternative to #25098. Inspired by this conversation. The diff is large but the change itself is quite small.
Fixes builds with llvm >= 11 in guix by working around the problem. As a bonus, this is much cleaner and more maintainable than what we had before.
See the updated comment for more info. At a high level: rather than playing tricks and trying to work around clang’s default includes, disable them and re-add what we want.