ci: use LLVM 23 in *san, fuzz, *cross jobs #36100

LLVM 23.1.0 was recently released, switch to using it across sanitizer, fuzzer and cross-compilation jobs.

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Code Coverage & Benchmarks

For details see: https://corecheck.dev/bitcoin/bitcoin/pulls/36100.

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Concept ACK. When running the "tidy" job locally, I can see new warnings though. Let's wait for the CI.

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🚧 At least one of the CI tasks failed. _{Task tidy: https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/actions/runs/33079209989/job/98541478471} _{LLM reason (✨ experimental): CI failed because clang-tidy reported performance warnings (e.g., prefer single-char overload / use std::move) that were treated as errors (-warnings-as-errors).}

<details><summary>Hints</summary>

Try to run the tests locally, according to the documentation. However, a CI failure may still happen due to a number of reasons, for example:

• Possibly due to a silent merge conflict (the changes in this pull request being incompatible with the current code in the target branch). If so, make sure to rebase on the latest commit of the target branch.

• A sanitizer issue, which can only be found by compiling with the sanitizer and running the affected test.

• An intermittent issue.

Leave a comment here, if you need help tracking down a confusing failure.

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Concept ACK