This PR is a follow-up of https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/17826, and adds additional info about the imported static plugins and the used style to the debug.log I found useful for testing (e.g., with QT_QPA_PLATFORM, QT_QPA_PLATFORMTHEME, QT_STYLE_OVERRIDE variables) and debugging issues (e.g., https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/19716#issuecomment-674052881).
The excerpt from the log:
2020-11-15T18:41:45Z [main] Bitcoin Core version v0.20.99.0-f0b933f78 (release build)
2020-11-15T18:41:45Z [main] Qt 5.9.8 (static), plugin=xcb (static)
2020-11-15T18:41:45Z [main] Static plugins:
2020-11-15T18:41:45Z [main] QXcbIntegrationPlugin, version 329992
2020-11-15T18:41:45Z [main] Style: fusion / QFusionStyle
...