This adds a new CHECK_DOC check that looks for newly introduced trailing whitespace. Existing trailing whitespace (of which there is plenty!) will not trigger an error.
This is written in a generic way so that new lint-*.sh scripts can be added to contrib/devtools/, as I'd like to contribute additional lint checks in the future.
Example of what a lint failure looks like in Travis: https://travis-ci.org/eklitzke/bitcoin/jobs/262052953