7b99c7454cdb74cd9cd7a5eedc2fb9d0a19df456 uses otool -Iv to check for ___stack_chk_fail in the macOS binaries. Similar to the ELF check. Note that looking for a triple underscore prefixed function (as opposed to two for ELF) is correct for the macOS binaries. i.e:
otool -Iv bitcoind | grep chk
0x00000001006715b8 509 ___memcpy_chk
0x00000001006715be 510 ___snprintf_chk
0x00000001006715c4 511 ___sprintf_chk
0x00000001006715ca 512 ___stack_chk_fail
0x00000001006715d6 517 ___vsnprintf_chk
0x0000000100787898 513 ___stack_chk_guard
8334ee31f868f0f9baf0920d14d20174ed889dbe is a follow up to #18295 and adds test cases to test-security-check.py that for some reason I didn't add at the time. I'll sort out #18434 so that we can run these tests in the CI.